To hold that the state should operate according to one set of publicly shared principles, while individuals should operate according to multiple sets of privately shared principles, is morally pernicious and ends up harming everyone, believers and nonbelievers alike. Religious truths are no different from the truths of medical science or aeronautical engineering: if they hold for anyone they hold for everyone.
Historic Fundamentalism shared all of the assumptions of generic fundamentalism but also reflected several concerns particular to the religious setting of the United States at the turn of the century. Some of those concerns stemmed from broad changes in the culture such as growing awareness of world religions, the teaching of human evolution and, above all, the rise of biblical higher criticism.
The last proved particularly troubling because it implied the absence of the supernatural and the purely human authorship of scripture. Social changes of the early twentieth century also fed the flames of protest. Drawn primarily from ranks of "old stock whites," Fundamentalists felt displaced by the waves of non-Protestant immigrants from southern and eastern Europe flooding America's cities.
They believed they had been betrayed by American statesmen who led the nation into an irresolved war with Germany, the cradle of destructive biblical criticism. They deplored the teaching of evolution in public schools, which they paid for with their taxes, and resented the elitism of professional educators who seemed often to scorn the values of traditional Christian families. Fundamentalists fought these changes on several fronts.
Intellectually they mounted a strenuous defense of the fundamentals as they defined them of historic Christian teachings. Thus they insisted upon the necessity of a conversion experience through faith in Jesus Christ alone, the accuracy of the Bible in matters of science and history as well as theology, and the imminent physical return of Christ to the earth where he would establish a millennial reign of peace and righteousness.
Fundamentalists conveyed their convictions in numerous ways, but most prominently through the wide dissemination of twelve booklets called The Fundamentals Fundamentalists also pursued the battle through legislatures, courts, and denominational machinery. In the s they tried to monitor public school curricula by presenting anti-evolution bills in the legislatures of eleven states mostly in the South. Undoubtedly the best-known instance, the so-called "Monkey Trial," pitted the Fundamentalist politician William Jennings Bryan against the agnostic lawyer Clarence Darrow in a steamy courtroom in Dayton, Tennessee in the summer of Bryan won in the court but lost in the press.
The Niagara Confession is a Calvinistic, non-denominational, premillennial statement that was intended to be the doctrinal requirements for those who participated in the Conference. So, are there five fundamentals of the faith, or fourteen? Or, maybe there are nine.
If we were to examine the three confessions side by side, we might find that they do cover many of the same doctrines. But it can be confusing to proclaim that some doctrines are fundamentals of the faith while ignoring other doctrines.
Or for ordination? Or for church membership? Or for affiliation in a religious organization? Or for unity in a movement? Or to participate in a city-wide evangelistic crusade? Or to be a faculty member? Or for whatever? The Presbyterian Five Essentials were essentials with which a candidate for ordination to the Presbyterian ministry had to accept. Believing the fourteen-point Niagara Bible Conference was essential to participating in the Niagara Conference. Christian churches and para-church organizations do need to determine what doctrines are essential for being a member or participating.
We may even be able to think of some guidelines for determining the basic doctrines of the faith: 1 Clearly taught in Scripture; 2 Explain who God is; 3 Describe what salvation is and how to be saved; 4 That we are warned not to deny. But I am still uneasy about declaring that certain doctrines are the fundamentals of the faith, and others are not. So, we have to be careful with this concept because it can be used to cover up fleshly actions. Pastors are not to be pugnacious, but gentle and peaceable, 1 Tim NAU.
Ernest Pickering, who served as the Executive Director of the IFCA from , and later ministered as a GARBC pastor, a president of seminaries, and a missions executive, was a gracious man of God in person as well as a strong fundamentalist. In his booklet, Biblical Separation, Dr. Nettredaksjonen ved SV. Main navigation jump Main content jump Contact information jump. Main navigation Search our webpages Search.
Back to uio. What is fundamentalism? Torkel Brekke and Uzair Ahmed Fundamentalism is a religious reaction against aspects of modernity. The concept of fundamentalism first emerged in American christianity in the early 20 th century, but later developed to denote movements in other cultures too. Fundamentalist religion sometimes overlaps or converges with radical nationalism and xenophobia.
Published Sep. E-mail this page Share on Facebook Share on Twitter. Key concepts What is right-wing extremism? What is right-wing radicalism? What is nationalism? What is fascism? What is populism? What is racism? What is Islamophobia? What is antisemitism? What is a conspiracy theory? What is hate crime? What is radicalization?
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