Accessed Feb. Help with hoarding disorder. American Psychiatric Association. Mataix-Cols D. Hoarding disorder. New England Journal of Medicine. Mataix-Cols D, et al. Hoarding disorder in adults: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course, assessment, and diagnosis.
Treatment of hoarding disorder in adults. Phillips KA, et al. Merck Manual Professional Version. Brakoulias V, et al. A meta-analysis of the response of pathological hoarding to pharmacotherapy.
Psychiatry Research. Tolin DF, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for hoarding disorder: A meta-analysis. Depression and Anxiety. Age is a significant factor for HD. Adults aged 55 and older are three times more likely to develop HD than younger adults. The average age for a person seeking help for HD is around Adolescents can also have HD.
This is because young people tend to live with parents or roommates who can help manage hoarding behaviors. HD can begin interfering with daily activities around age 20, but may not become severely problematic until age 30 or later. These symptoms and signs include:. Diagnosis and treatment of HD is possible. However, it may be difficult to persuade a person with HD to recognize the condition.
Loved ones or outsiders may recognize signs and symptoms of HD long before the person with the condition comes to terms with it. Treatment for HD must focus on the individual and not solely on the spaces that have become overrun with clutter. A person must first be receptive to treatment options in order to change their hoarding behavior. Someone seeking treatment for HD should first see their doctor.
A doctor can evaluate HD through interviews with the person as well as their loved ones. A thorough medical evaluation may also help diagnose any other underlying mental health conditions. This should be directed by a medical professional. Research has shown that this type of treatment can be useful.
A review of literature indicated that younger women who went to several CBT sessions and received several home visits had the most success with this line of treatment.
CBT can be done in an individual or group setting. The therapy focuses on why someone may have a hard time discarding items and why they desire to bring more items into a space.
Hoarding disorder can cause problems in relationships, social and work activities, and other important areas of functioning. Potential consequences of serious hoarding include health and safety concerns, such as fire hazards, tripping hazards, and health code violations.
It can also lead to family strain and conflicts, isolation and loneliness, unwillingness to have anyone else enter the home, and an inability to perform daily tasks, such as cooking and bathing in the home.
Specific symptoms for a hoarding diagnosis include American Psychiatric Association, :. The hoarding causes major distress or problems in social, work or other important areas of functions including maintaining a safe environment for self and others. Mental health professionals may also ask permission to speak with friends and family to help make a diagnosis or use questionnaires rating scales to help assess level of functioning.
Some individuals with hoarding disorder may recognize and acknowledge that they have a problem with accumulating possessions; others may not see a problem. Excessive acquisition occurs in the vast majority of cases and—although not a core diagnostic feature—should be carefully monitored. In addition to the core features of difficulty discarding and clutter, many people with hoarding disorder also have associated problems such as indecisiveness, perfectionism, procrastination, disorganization and distractibility.
These associated features can contribute greatly to their problems with functioning and the overall severity. Animal hoarding may form a special type of hoardindisordder and involves an individual acquiring large numbers dozens or even hundreds of animals.
The animals may be kept in an inappropriate space, potentially creating unhealthy, unsafe conditions for the animals. People who hoard animals typically show limited insight regarding the problem. The cause of hoarding disorder is unknown. Due to its recent classification, the neurobiology of hoarding disorder in humans is a newly burgeoning field; making it somewhat premature to draw firm conclusions. Hoarding is more common among individuals with a family member who also has a problem with hoarding.
A stressful life event, such as the death of a loved one, can worsen symptoms of hoarding. Hoarding disorder has a symptom profile, neural correlates, and associated features that differ from OCD and other disorders.
A number of information processing deficits have been associated with hoarding; including planning, problem-solving, visuospatial learning and memory, sustained attention, working memory, and organization. It's thought that around 1 or 2 people in every have a problem with hoarding that seriously affects their life. Some people with a hoarding disorder will hoard a range of items, while others may just hoard certain types of objects.
More recently, hoarding of data has become more common. This is where someone stores huge amounts of electronic data and emails that they're extremely reluctant to delete.
A hoarding disorder can be a problem for several reasons. It can take over the person's life, making it very difficult for them to get around their house. It can cause their work performance, personal hygiene and relationships to suffer. The person hoarding is usually reluctant or unable to have visitors or even allow tradesmen in to carry out essential repairs, which can cause isolation and loneliness.
The clutter can pose a health risk to the person and anyone who lives in or visits their house. For example, it can:. The hoarding could also be a sign of an underlying condition, such as OCD , other types of anxiety , depression and dementia.
If you think a family member or someone you know has a hoarding disorder, try to persuade them to come with you to see a GP. This may not be easy, as someone who hoards might not think they need help. Try to be sensitive about the issue and emphasise your concerns for their health and wellbeing. Reassure them that nobody is going to go into their home and throw everything out. You're just going to have a chat with the doctor about their hoarding to see what can be done and what support is available to empower them to begin the process of decluttering.
Your GP may be able to refer you to your local community mental health team, which might have a therapist who's familiar with issues such as OCD and hoarding. It's generally not a good idea to get extra storage space or call in the council or environmental health to clear the rubbish away. This won't solve the problem and the clutter often quickly builds up again.
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